Artificial Intelligence Curriculum for Primary and Secondary Schools
A little cat has gone missing, so Hoo and Ray set off on an adventure to find her! They discover a vast maze of tunnels beneath the city — and learn where all the missing socks end up. But how can they find their way through the labyrinth? Is it better to use the left-hand rule or follow a trail of breadcrumbs? One thing is clear — robots, just like humans, don’t only learn from examples, but also from experience.
The lesson begins with a story in which the robots Hoo and Ray enter an underground maze to search for a lost cat named Kitty. Children reflect on how the robots could find their way out, and the teacher leads a discussion about different strategies they could use – such as the left-hand rule, backtracking, or marking the path. This is followed by a hands-on activity, where students navigate a maze on a worksheet, collecting socks and trying to avoid sock-loving mice. During this activity, they experience the principles of learning from experience (trial-and-error methods). The teacher then explains that AI learns in a similar way – by repeating a task, receiving feedback, and improving its strategy. Students watch a video showing AI agents gradually improving their performance, and discuss how machines learn by being rewarded for successful steps. The lesson concludes with a reflection, where students share their strategies and talk about how robots might apply learned experience to new situations. If there’s time left, they try playing the game Hexapawn, which demonstrates how learning from experience works.
Children aged 8-11, 45—90 minutes.
Teacher: Projection equipment and presentation materials. Students: Writing supplies, worksheets.
Machine learning from experience (reinforcement learning).
Machines, just like humans, can learn from experience. They use trial and error to repeatedly test and discover the best solution for a given task.
Understanding the principle of reinforcement learning is an important part of the machine learning puzzle.
In their own words, students will describe a specific strategy that led them to success in solving the problem.
Facilitating Learners' Digital Competence.
Applying: Students apply maze-navigation strategies and trial-and-error to solve the problem.
Analyzing: They analyze the success of various strategies and identify the reasons behind their effectiveness or ineffectiveness.
Evaluating: They assess the pros and cons of the strategies used and reflect on the experience gained.
3-A-I Nature of Learning (Humans vs. machines).
3-A-VI Nature of Learning (Learning from experience).