Artificial Intelligence Curriculum for Primary and Secondary Schools
AI in Computer Science in Elementary Schools
How Robots Brushed Their Teeth
Algorithm & Machine Learning
Lesson 03
Algorithm & Machine Learning
The robots would love to clean their metal teeth, but they’re not quite sure how to do it. Let’s teach them! First, we’ll show them the exact steps (an algorithm), and then we’ll give them lots of examples so they can learn it on their own (machine learning).
Lesson Overview
The lesson begins with a story in which robots Hoo and Ray decide to learn how to brush their teeth — but soon realize they’re missing clear instructions. The teacher leads a discussion about how people carry out daily tasks and how we could describe them in a way that a robot would understand. Students then try to create an algorithm for brushing teeth — describing the exact steps a robot must follow. While testing their algorithms, they realize that some instructions might be too vague or misinterpreted. Next, the concept of machine learning is introduced — instead of following exact steps, the robots observe examples from humans and learn from them. In a group activity, students explore when it’s more suitable to use an algorithm and when machine learning is more effective. Finally, students discuss other real-life examples of machine learning and end the lesson with a summary and reflection.
Lesson Overview
Recommended Age, Lesson Length
Children aged 8-11, 45—90 minutes.
Tools
Teacher: A presentation to project, cut-out images (can be folded) from the printable sheet (only one copy needed). You can also bring a real toothbrush and toothpaste instead of using paper models.
Students: Writing tools and worksheets.
Building Blocks
Algorithm, machine learning.
What Are the Students Learning?
Instead of giving machines exact step-by-step instructions (an algorithm), we’ll show them examples from which they can learn how to complete tasks on their own (machine learning).
Why Are They Learning This?
By understanding the difference between algorithmic and machine learning approaches, they can decide which method is better suited for a given task.
How Do We Know They Have Learned It?
They can explain the difference between the terms algorithm and machine learning.
Digital Competence
Communication and Collaboration.
Bloom's Taxonomy
Analysing: Students break down the task (tooth brushing) into individual steps, identify flaws in the algorithms, and suggest improvements. Applying: Students apply their knowledge by assembling an algorithm for brushing teeth with a robot. Creating: Students design their own algorithm and propose creative solutions based on the given challenge.
Five Big Ideas
3-A-I Nature of Learning (Humans vs. machines).
